Xudabao simulator commissioned ahead of operator training

A full-scope simulator for the Xudabao nuclear power plant was formally commissioned this week. The facility will support training for the initial cohort of operators assigned to units 1 and 2 before those reactors begin commercial operation. Officials described the milestone as foundational to establishing qualified personnel and maintaining safety standards during the transition to active plant operation.

Project scope and reactor technology

Xudabao units 1 and 2 are each equipped with 1250 MWe CAP1000 reactors, a Chinese-designed pressurized water reactor based on Westinghouse technology. Construction licences for both units were issued in November 2023, with formal site work commencing that same month near Xingcheng City in Liaoning Province. The combined investment in the first two units exceeds CNY48 billion, equivalent to approximately USD6.6 billion.

The broader Xudabao project originally envisioned six reactors at the site. Units 3 and 4, supplied as Russian-designed VVER-1200 reactors, entered construction in 2021 and 2022 respectively, with commissioning targeted for 2027 and 2028. Two additional CAP1000 units remain in the proposal phase. When fully developed, the six-unit complex is projected to generate more than 7.6 GW of installed capacity and supply approximately 54 billion kilowatt-hours annually.

Ownership and contracting

Liaoning Nuclear Power Company Ltd holds operational responsibility for the Xudabao site. The company is structured with a 70 percent stake held by China National Nuclear Corporation, 20 percent by Datang International Power Generation Company, and 10 percent by State Development and Investment Corporation. China Nuclear Power Engineering Company Ltd, a subsidiary of China National Nuclear Corporation, serves as the general contractor for construction activities.

Ongoing simulator operation, maintenance, and optimization will be managed by CNNC Wuhan Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co, the subsidiary that developed the facility. The simulator is expected to support continuous training and qualification of operating personnel through the commissioning phase and into routine operations.

DOE Advances Nuclear Fuel Cycle Campus Program with Five State Partnerships

The Department of Energy announced the Nuclear Lifecycle Innovation Campus (NLIC) program in January, seeking state partners to host facilities supporting comprehensive nuclear fuel cycle operations. The initiative invites collaboration across the full spectrum of fuel cycle activities, from front-end to back-end processes.

Following a request for information, 26 states expressed interest in hosting an NLIC facility. In July, the DOE formalized its initial selection by signing memorandums of understanding with five states: Idaho, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Utah. These agreements establish a framework for closer exploration of state-federal partnerships but do not constitute binding commitments from either level of government.

MOUs enable states and the federal government to assess feasibility and alignment of objectives
Actual project development outcomes remain contingent on further evaluation and agreement
Selected states bring existing nuclear sector capabilities that could support new fuel cycle infrastructure

State Capabilities and Next Steps

The five states selected for memorandums of understanding possess established nuclear industry presence and infrastructure that could facilitate fuel cycle development. Utah, Idaho, and Tennessee are among those being examined for their preexisting nuclear sector strengths and capacity to support integrated fuel cycle operations.

The non-binding nature of the MOUs reflects the exploratory phase of the program. Stakeholders should monitor developments as the DOE and selected states conduct detailed assessments of technical feasibility, regulatory alignment, and economic viability. The program represents a significant policy initiative for nuclear supply chain professionals tracking federal infrastructure investments and state-level nuclear development strategies.

Program supports comprehensive fuel cycle integration from uranium processing through waste management
State partnerships leverage regional nuclear expertise and existing facilities
Further announcements expected as feasibility studies progress

Kazatomprom signals shift to long-term uranium contracting amid accelerating global demand

Market dynamics favour producers

Kazatomprom's first-half consolidated revenue grew 9% year-on-year to approximately USD 1.57 billion, supported by stable long-term uranium pricing that has reached an 18-year maximum. The company's leadership characterised the current environment as one where nuclear energy has transitioned from policy discussion to operational execution, citing a pledge by 38 countries representing over 70% of global GDP to triple nuclear capacity by 2050.

The uranium market is undergoing a structural shift. Utilities are moving away from short-term spot-market purchases towards long-term inventory security, while producers with proven large reserves are gaining pricing power. Industry-wide production cost pressures are rising, signalling an end to the era of cheap uranium. Despite these challenges, global utilities recognise the fundamental need for secure, baseload, emission-free power generation.

New supply agreements

Kazatomprom has concluded two uranium concentrate supply agreements. The first is a spot-term contract with China's State Nuclear Uranium Resource Development Company Limited, a subsidiary of State Power Investment Corporation Limited. The second agreement covers natural uranium concentrate sales to Uranium One Group JSC, with physical delivery to the Siberian Chemical Plant JSC in Russia.

Uranium One operates Rosatom's foreign uranium mining assets and holds stakes in several Kazatomprom joint ventures. Both transactions comply with current market conditions, though specific pricing, volumes, and delivery schedules remain confidential. Shareholders will vote on the agreements at an Extraordinary General Meeting scheduled for 11 September.

Regulatory changes and exploration framework

Kazakhstan's Subsoil Use Code is undergoing amendments effective in early September. Changes include new stipulations on minimum equity requirements for uranium mining licence transfers from the national operator. The legal framework for uranium exploration will shift from a licensing regime to a contracting model based on subsoil use agreements.

Newly issued exploration agreements will be eligible for a one-time extension of up to five years, allowing a maximum total duration of 11 years for uranium exploration subsoil use agreements.

Sulphuric acid plant delayed by paleontological discovery

The TQZ sulphuric acid plant project, a joint venture between Ballestra's Kazakh partner and Kazatomprom-SaUran LLP, has encountered construction delays following the discovery of potential paleontological specimens during earthworks. In compliance with Kazakhstan's national heritage protection law, construction in the affected area has been suspended pending official regulatory approval to resume work.

The plant, with an estimated investment cost of approximately USD 2.6 million, is critical to Kazatomprom's in-situ leach uranium operations. The original commissioning target of first quarter 2027 has been pushed back to between third quarter 2027 and first quarter 2028, representing a 6- to 12-month delay. The company expects this shift will not materially impact uranium mining operations, pending assessment of alternative sulphuric acid sources and completion of laboratory analyses and site surveys.